The thermocycler, or polymerase chain reaction-PCR machine, is a low-cost and high-efficiency technique for amplifying short portions of DNA or RNA. PCR uses the concepts of nucleic acid replication and complementary nucleic acid hybridization to create specific target DNA/RNA sequences exponentially by a factor of 107 in a couple of hours.
The polymerase chain reaction process can be classified into three stages:
- Denaturing – In this first process the DNA is heated into 2 separate pieces of single-strand DNA at around 94-95°C.
- Annealing – In the second process, the temperature is lowered, which enables the primers to bind DNA and initiate the polymerization at 50-56°C.
- Extending – The temperature is raised again in the third process by using the original strands as templates. New strands of DNA are made by an enzyme at 72°C.
One cycle of PCR results in two strands of DNA. Each of these strands contains one original strand and one newly made strand.
The three strands of DNA make up one full cycle and the cycle is repeated around 30 times. After which each one doubles the number of DNA copies, which allows the scientists to create millions of copies needed to research a single piece of DNA.
The
cycling process of PCR is automatic and can create billion of copies
within 2-3 hours. It gets challenging to come across a quality PCR Machine,
for which we would like to suggest Igene. It is a reliable scientific
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