A wide range of equipment that analyze samples qualitatively and quantitatively through chemical, clinical and environmental testing for study that includes, not limit to forensic, Life Science Research (e.g., metabolomics, genomics, proteomics), material research and characterization, petrochemical analysis.
Biological safety cabinets, or BSCs, are vented hoods or workplaces that allow pathogens, pollutants, and other potentially dangerous materials to be handled safely.
Biosafety cabinets and microbiological safety cabinets are terms used to describe this type of equipment. They're also known as gloveboxes when they're equipped with glove systems.
The primary goal of a biosafety cabinet is to keep biological pollutants and other dangerous items away from the operator and the surrounding environment. There are several types of biological safety cabinets, each with its own set of requirements for biosafety and containment, as well as cabinetry configuration. The appropriate class and type are chosen based on the needs of the specific application and the required level of bio-containment.
Classes and Types of Biological Safety Cabinets (BSC)
Personnel and environmental protection are provided by Class I BSCs, however product protection is not provided. In terms of air circulation, the Class I BSC is comparable to a chemical fume hood. The Class I BSC, unlike a chemical fume hood, features a HEPA filtration system that manages the air leaving the unit, protecting the environment.
For a variety of low- to moderate-risk products, Class II hoods provide people, environmental, and product protection. In research, clinical, industrial, and pharmaceutical settings, these biological safety cabinets are used. Airflow is drawn into the front grille of Class II cabinets, providing personnel protection. Furthermore, the downward flow of HEPA-filtered air protects products by reducing the risk of cross-contamination across the hood's work surface. Exhaust air is filtered with a certified HEPA filter to safeguard the environment from particulates. In addition to a wide range of therapeutic and research applications, these hoods are often utilised in hospital pharmacies.
In addition to a wide range of therapeutic and research applications, these hoods are often utilised in hospital pharmacies. A gas-tight enclosure with a non-opening view window, the Class III BSC is a gas-tight enclosure with a non-opening view window. Materials are passed into the cabinet by a dunk tank accessible via the cabinet floor or a double-door pass-through box (e.g., an autoclave steriliser) that can be decontaminated in between uses. Materials can be safely withdrawn from the cabinet by reversing the process.
Clean air workbenches and ordinary laminar flow workstations are not the same as biosafety cabinets (BSCs). BSCs are not the same as standard horizontal or vertical laminar flow clean benches. HEPA filtration and positive pressure air are employed to safeguard the product in a typical laminar flow clean bench, but not the user. The primary goal of a basic biological safety cabinet is to guard both the worker and the environment from risks within the cabinet, rather than the product itself. The Class I BSC isn't meant to protect products.
BSCs in Class II and III are designed to safeguard both the product and the worker as well as the environment. According to specific regulatory requirements for product protection, worker protection, and environmental protection, the right class and type of BSC is chosen.
Biosafety cabinets come
in different levels; level 1, which is the lowest of the four levels,
is required when working with defined strains of communicable biological
agents and low-risk microbes that pose little to no threat of infection
in healthy adults.
Biosafe level 2 is required for working with agents that pose a moderate health hazard. This includes microbes that cause mild disease in people.
Biosafety Level 3 is required for those working with agents that can cause serious or potentially lethal disease through inhalation and are of uncommon varieties.
Biosafety level 4 labs are rare and offer the highest level of biological safety. They are required to work with highly dangerous and exotic microbes. Infections caused by these types of microbes are frequently fatal as there is no existing treatment available.
Picking the right biosafety cabinet for your lab is therefore necessary. The class one biosafety cabinet can be ducted or ductless. It provides protection for the user and surrounding environment, but no protection for the sample. This cabinet is ideal for containment.
A
Class 2 BSE cabinet performs the task of Class 1 but at the same time
affords sample protection. These have several subcategories: these
include type A1, A2, B1, B2. The unique feature of these biosafety
cabinets is they have a bio compare page. The minimum inflow velocity
and exhaust system distinguishes the different types of class 2
cabinets.
The
class 3 BSE cabinet is an enclosed box that is also sometimes known as
the glovebox and provides maximum protection. The enclosure is
air-tight, and all materials enter and leave through a double-door
autoclave. This cabinet can be used as a BSL 1-4 application.
Conclusion
If you are looking for quality Biosafety cabinets that fulfil the requirement of your lab demands visit, https://www.igenels.com/. They offer Biosafety Cabinet Class II A2 and Biosafety Cabinet Class II B2. Other sample incubators like their Laminar Air Flow Bench is equally efficient.
A spectrophotometer is a device that measures the absorption of light at different wavelengths. It is similar to a calorimeter, except that it produces monochromatic light using a prism or diffraction grating. It may operate in the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum, visible spectrum, and infrared (IR) spectrum of the electromagnetic spectrum.
The photometric approach asserts that when a beam of incident light of intensity I0 passes through a solution, a portion of the light is reflected (Ir), a portion is absorbed (Ia), and the remaining light is transmitted (It).
I0 = Ir + Ia + It
(Ir) is not measured in photometers (colorimeters and spectrophotometers) because the measurements of (I0) and It are adequate to determine the wavelength (Ia). The amount of light reflected (Ir) is kept consistent for this purpose by using cells with identical characteristics. The values of (I0) and (It) are then calculated.
The two fundamental equations of photometry, on which the Double Beam UV spectrophotometer is based, show the mathematical link between the amount of light absorbed and the concentration of the substance.
The Spectrophotometer's operating concept is based on Beer-law, Lambert's which states that the amount of light absorbed by a colour solution is exactly proportional to the solution's concentration and the length of a light path through it.
A ∝ cl
Where,
A = Absorbance / Optical density of solution
c = Concentration of solution
l = Path length
or, A = ∈cl
∈ = Absorption coefficient
SPECTROPHOTOMETER TYPES
There are two types of spectropotometers:
A spectrophotometer has seven key components -
Light source - Three separate light sources are routinely employed in spectrophotometers to create light of different wavelengths. A tungsten lamp is the most frequent light source used in spectrophotometers for the visible spectrum. The hydrogen lamp and the deuterium lamp are popular sources of ultraviolet radiation.
Monochromator - A prism or diffraction grating splits the light from the light source to select a certain wavelength.
Sample holder - Colored solutions are held in test tubes or Cuvettes. At a visible wavelength, they are made of glass.
The beam splitter is only found in double beam spectrophotometers. It is used to divide a single light beam from a light source into two beams.
Both in single beam spectrophotometer and a double beam spectrophotometer have a mirror. It is utilised to steer the splitted light from the beam splitter in the proper direction.
When light strikes the photodetector system, an electric current is generated, which reflects the galvanometer reading.
The current from the detector is supplied into the measuring device, which is a galvanometer. The metre reading is related to the amount of light present.
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